2021년 수능특강라이트 3강 E3,4(기출+)

Melatonin helps regulate the timing of when sleep occurs by systemically signaling darkness throughout the organism. But melatonin has little influence on the generation of sleep itself: a mistaken assumption that many people hold. To make clear this distinction, think of sleep as the Olympic 100-meter race. Melatonin is the voice of the timing official that says "Runners, on your mark," and then fires the starting pistol that triggers the race. That timing official (melatonin) governs when the race (sleep) begins, but does not participate in the race. In this analogy, the sprinters themselves are other brain regions and processes that actively generate sleep. Melatonin corrals these sleep-generating regions of the brain to the starting line of bedtime. Melatonin simply provides the official instruction to commence the event of sleep, but does not participate in the sleep race itself.

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Back in 1953, Patsy Sherman noticed a seemingly unimportant incident. An assistant in her laboratory had spilled a few drops of an experimental chemical on her new trainers. Naturally the assistant was upset, thinking that she wouldn't be able to get the stains off. Nothing worked: neither soap, alcohol, nor other solvents. Sherman, however, became fascinated with the chemical's incredible resilience and began forming an idea, which at the time seemed ridiculous: to develop a chemical that could repel water and oil from cloth fabrics. By 1956, Scotchgard Protector was launched, and the brand has been the market leader ever since. A popular saying at her company is that you have to kiss an awful lot of frogs before you find your prince. Failing is par-for-the-course when it comes to innovation and product development.

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