2021년 수능특강라이트 15강 1,2(기출+)

After domestication came farming. Fire was a force here. Slash-and-burn agriculture is one of the oldest and simplest ways to clear the land of trees. Once used extensively by primitive tribes, it is still used today in some places, like Borneo. The process involves slashing the bark on the tree, which stops the sap from flowing and eventually kills the tree. The leaves die and fall off, allowing sunlight to filter onto the forest floor where the fallen leaves change into fertilizer. Then crops are planted. In two or three years, when the soil starts to show signs of being depleted of nutrients, the dead trees are burned, the ash provides fertilizer, and more crops are planted. Unfortunately, this requires constantly moving into new areas and destroying the forests.

 

 

A factor that influences social cognition is culture. People from different cultures think about the social world in different ways. In one study, researchers asked both American and Mexican Americans to read a series of sentences describing a person's behavior, and then judge whether this person had a given trait. For example, one sentence read, "He took his first calculus test when he was 12" (and the trait they reacted to was "smart"). Another sentence read, "She left a 25% tip for the waitress" (and the trait they reacted to was "generous"). As predicted, Americans made the trait judgments much more quickly than did Mexican Americans. This reflects Americans' strong tendency to emphasize the role of traits in leading to behavior-as well as the tendency of those from collectivistic cultures to take situational factors into account.

 

 

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